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Anatomorphological variations of the temporomandibular joint after orthognathic surgery: a descriptive study
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Briones-Sindermann, Daniel

; Ulloa-Luchsinger, Carlos

; Díaz-Reiher, Marlene

; Arenas-Encalada, Gonzalo

; Martínez-Rondanelli, Benjamín

; Toledo-Pinto, Ximena

Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial

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Dez 2022, Volume 44 Nº 4 Páginas 141 - 146

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: La reabsorción condilar posterior a la cirugía ortognática es una entidad clínica que afecta a la articulación temporomandibular, con consecuencias funcionales y estéticas para el paciente. En la actualidad, la determinación del riesgo de la reabsorción condilar en la etapa prequirúrgica sigue sin estar clara. Este artículo, de carácter descriptivo, buscó determinar las variaciones anatomorfológicas de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortognática. Materiales y métodos: Se tomaron y analizaron tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico en dos etapas operativas, un mes antes de la cirugía (T0) y tres meses después (T1). Se analizaron los espacios articulares, anchos corticales y sitios con reabsorción total en un total de 58 articulaciones. Resultados: Se observó una disminución media estadísticamente significativa en el grosor cortical (p < 0,05) para los diferentes sitios en los planos coronal y sagital. Todos los espacios articulares mostraron espesor reducido en el plano sagital, estadísticamente significativo para los espacios superior y posterior. Discusión: Los sitios con un ancho cortical más bajo en T0 parecían ser más susceptibles a la reabsorción. La evaluación prequirúrgica de la articulación temporomandibular juega un papel fundamental en la prevención de la reabsorción condilar en pacientes que van a ser sometidos a cirugía ortognática.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Condylar resorption of the temporomandibular joint after orthognathic surgery is a clinical entity with functional and aesthetic consequences for the patient. The determination of the risk of condylar resorption in the presurgical stage remains unclear. This article, descriptive in its nature, sought to determine anatomorphological variations of the temporomandibular joint in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Material and methods: Cone Beam CT scans were analysed in two operative stages, one month before surgery (T0) and three months after (T1). Joint spaces, cortical widths and sites with total resorption were analysed on 58 joints. Results: A statistically significant mean decrease in cortical thickness (p < 0.05) was observed for the different sites in the coronal and sagittal planes. All joint spaces showed reduced thickness in the sagittal plane, statistically significant for the superior and posterior spaces. Conclusions: Sites with a lower cortical width on T0 seemed more susceptible to resorption. The presurgical evaluation of the temporomandibular joint plays a fundamental role in preventing condylar resorption in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

https://doi.org/10.20986/recom.2023.1387/2022

Asociación entre nivel educacional y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Castro-Piñero, José

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia

; Díaz, Ximena

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Martorell, Miquel

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Nazar, Gabriela

; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Dez 2022, Volume 150 Nº 12 Páginas 1575 - 1584

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: A low education level has been associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Aim: To determine the association between educational attainment and suspicion of cognitive imparirment in older Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 2,005 adults aged ≥ 60 years assessed during 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey were included. Education was self-reported and categorized as primary: ≤ 8 years; secondary: 9 to 12 years and beyond secondary: > 12 years. suspicion of cognitive imparirment was assessed with the Mini-Mental questionnaire. Results: Men and women with low education attainment had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (33% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 24; 41] and 27% [95% CI: 21; 33], respectively). Men who reported less schooling (≤ 8 years) were more likely to be at risk of suspicion of cognitive imparirment (Odds ratio (OR): 4.53 [95% CI: 1.10, 18.62]) compared to their peers. Women showed a substantially higher magnitude of association than men. The probability of suspicion of cognitive imparirment increased 9-times (OR: 9.96 [95% CI: 1.24; 79.6]) for 9-12 years and 18-times for ≤ 8 years of education (OR: 18.8 [95% CI: 2.42; 146.1]) compared to women with higher education. Conclusions: Older adults with low education attainment had an increased likelihood of developing suspicion of cognitive imparirment. However, the risk differs by sex, being higher in women than men.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872022001201575

Asociación del fitness cardiorrespiratorio con marcadores de adiposidad corporal: estudio de corte transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Chile 2016-2017
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Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime

; Álvarez, Cristian

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Beltrán, Ana Rosa

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Parra-Soto, Solange

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Set 2022, Volume 150 Nº 9 Páginas 1152 - 1161

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with metabolic diseases and adiposity markers. Aim: To assess the association of CRF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 5,958 participants in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-1027 aged 15 years or above were analyzed. CRF was estimated by an equation that included sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related data and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs). The association between CRF and adiposity was assessed using linear and Poisson regression models and the results were presented as Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: One MET increment in CRF was associated with a 3.27 kg/m2 (95% confidence intervals (CI): -3.35; -3.2) and 4.56 kg/m2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) lower BMI in men and women, respectively. Waist circumference was 6.7 cm [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] and 9 cm [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] lower per 1-MET increment in CRF. With one MET increment, the probability of being obese was 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) and 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) lower in men and women, respectively. The probability of having a central obesity was 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) and 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) lower in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: A higher estimated CRF was associated with lower adiposity levels and a lower risk of being obese in both men and women. Public health policies aiming to increase physical activity are needed to increase the CRF of the Chilean population.

Efectos en la capacidad funcional de un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico basado en telesalud en personas con diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla y cadera
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Muñoz-Fonseca, Fernando

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

; Zapata-Lamana, Rafael

; Cigarroa, Igor

Revista médica de Chile

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Jan 2022, Volume 150 Nº 1 Páginas 33 - 45

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Telehealth is a novel therapeutic alternative. Aim: To determine the effects of a remote therapeutic physical exercise program (TPEP), based on telehealth, on functional physical capacity in people with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Patients and Methods: An eight-week TPEP was undertaken by 36 participants with a mean age of 68 years. The control group received printed exercise instructions, while the experimental group received the same instructions plus TPEP using tutorial videos and voice messaging via WhatsApp. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Barthel index (BI), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), senior fitness test and with the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). Results: The experimental group decreased the VAS score and improved tandem balance, three-meter walk, sit and stand 5 times, sit and stand in 30 seconds, push-ups in 30 seconds, two minutes’ walk, join the right hand behind the back and SPPB general score. The control group increased the BI score and improved the three meters walking test, sitting, and standing 5 times, sit and stand 30 seconds chair test, 2 minutes walking test and the SPPB general score. No differences between groups were observed for the LEFS scale, BI, VAS and functional capacity. Conclusions: A TPEP based on telehealth has similar effectiveness than a TPEP based on traditional paper-based intervention to improve functional physical capacity in patients with OA. (Rev Med Chile 2022; 150: 33-45)

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Manejo de los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer. Consenso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021
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Santolaya, María E.

; Contardo, Verónica

; Torres, Juan P.

; López-Medina, Eduardo

; Rosanova, María T.

; Álvarez, Ana M.

; Gutiérrez, Valentina

; Claverie, Ximena

; Rabello, Marcela

; Zubieta, Marcela

; Álvarez-Olmos, Martha I.

; Camacho, Germán

; Perez, Pahola

; Mariño, Cristina

; Garces, Carlos

; Coronell, Wilfrido

; López, Pío

; Gómez, Sandra

; Epelbaum, Carolina

; Ezcurra, Gustavo

; Fallo, Aurelia

; Avilés-Robles, Martha

; Díaz-Cadena, Tanya

; Martínez-Bustamante, María Elena

; Nava-Ruíz, Enid Alejandra

Revista chilena de infectología

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Dez 2021, Volume 38 Nº 6 Páginas 857 - 909

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The Committee for Infections in Immunocompromised Children of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, presents this Consensus document, titled “Management of episodes of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Consensus of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021”. The document includes recommendations on prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of episodes of fever and neutropenia, including specific recommendations on: Analysis at admission; evaluation, adjustments and duration of antimicrobial therapies; diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infection; analysis of the main clinical source of infections; environmental conditions necessary for hospitals caring for children with cancer and chemoprophylaxis. Special emphasis has been placed on providing the best recommendations to optimize the management of episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer, with equity and excellence through all the centers that treat these patients in Latin America.

Resumen El Comité de Infecciones en el Niño Inmunocomprometido de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, entrega este documento de Consenso, llamado “Manejo de los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer. Consenso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021”. El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre aspectos de prevención, predicción, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia, incluyendo recomendaciones específicas sobre: Análisis de ingreso; evaluación, ajustes y duración de terapias antimicrobianas; diagnóstico y manejo de infección fúngica invasora; análisis de los principales focos clínicos de infección; condiciones ambientales necesarias para hospitales que atienden niños con cáncer y quimioprofilaxis. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar las mejores recomendaciones para optimizar el manejo de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia en niños con cáncer, buscando la equidad y la excelencia a través de todos los centros que atienden estos pacientes en América Latina.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182021000600857 293 downloads

Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente según ingreso económico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Matus-Castillo, Carlos

; Garrido-Méndez, Alex

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe

; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Beltrán, Ana Rosa

; Martorell, Miquel

; Ramírez-Alarcón, Karina

; Salas-Bravo, Carlos

; Lasserre-Laso, Nicole

; Parra-Soto, Solange

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Out 2021, Volume 149 Nº 10 Páginas 1450 - 1458

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The Chilean population reports high levels of physical inactivity. The relationship between income level, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors is not well known. Aim: To describe the levels of PA and sedentary time, according to income levels in the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Analysis of data from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,130 participants (52.9% women). The levels of PA and sedentary time were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Income levels were established according to the self-reported income per capita of the households and presented as quintiles. PA levels according to income levels were estimated by linear regression analyses. Results: Transport-related PA was higher in the lowest income quintiles (p = 0.039). There were no trends for income levels and PA domains including moderate, vigorous, total, occupational and leisure PA. The prevalence of leisure and occupational physical inactivities were higher in the lowest quintiles of income. Sitting time was higher in the higher income levels (p < 0.01). Conclusions: People in the lowest quintile for income spent more time in transport-related PA and less time sitting. However, physical inactivity prevalence during leisure and work time were higher in people with lower income.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872021001001450 33 downloads

Psicometria, escala de empatía médica de jefferson y atención médica en Ecuador
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DÍAZ-NARVÁEZ, VÍCTOR

; DÁVILA-PONTÓN, YOLANDA

; MARTÍNEZ-REYES, FRAY

; CALZADILLA-NÚÑEZ, ARACELIS

; VÉLEZ-CALVO, XIMENA

; REYES-REYES, ALEJANDRO

; TORRES-MARTÍNEZ, PILAR

; DÍAZ-CALZADILLA, PATRICIA

Revista Salud Uninorte

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Abr 2021, Volume 37 Nº 1 Páginas 96 - 111

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar que la estructura factorial de los datos observados estén en correspondencia con la estructura factorial teórica de la empatia. Estimar y comparar los niveles de empatía en las especialidades médicas evaluadas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio realizado en el cantón de Cuenca (Ecuador) en 2019. Diseño descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 223 médicos que trabajaban en el sector público, quienes respondieron voluntariamente la Escala de Empatia Médica de Jefferson. Variables dependientes: niveles de empatia y sus dimensiones. Independientes: género, nivel de atención y especialidad. Se estimó la normalidad y homocedasticidad, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, Invarianza entre grupos, análisis de varianza trifactorial y de un factor, t-Student y d de Cohen. El nivel de significación fue a< .05. Resultados: Se observa una adecuada consistencia interna, se confirma el modelo de tres dimensiones del instrumento original. No existen diferencias entre los géneros (p> .05), pero sí entre los tipos de atención y entre las especialidades (p< .05). Los datos observados tienen la estructura factorial teórica asociada al instrumento empleado en la medición de la empatía. Conclusión: El análisis multigrupo permite asumir invarianza factorial de la empatía entre los géneros, sin que se logre especificar un modelo según tipos de atención al paciente. Los niveles de empatía global fueron mayores en la atención primaria en relación con la hospitalaria y mayor en las especialidades de Pediatría y Medicina Familiar (unidas).

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify that the factorial structure of the data observed in doctors corresponds with the theoretical factorial structure of empathy. Estimate and compare the levels of empathy in the evaluated medical specialties. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the canton of Cuenca (Ecuador) in 2019. It has a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 223 physidans who worked in the Public Sector, who voluntarily answered the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale. Dependent variables: levels of empathy and their dimensions. Independent: gender, level of care, and specialty. Normality and homoscedasticity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Invariance between groups, trifactorial and one-factor analysis of variance, Student's t and Cohen's d were estimated. The level of significance was a< .05. Results: An adequate internal consistency is observed, the three-dimensional model of the original instrument is confirmed. There are no differences between genders (p> .05), but there are between types of care and between specialties (p <.05). Conclusion: The observed data have the theoretical factorial structure associated with the instrument used to measure empathy. The multigroup analysis makes it possible to assume factorial invariance of empathy between the genders without being able to specify a model according to types of patient care. The levels of global empathy were higher in primary care compared to hospital care and higher in the specialties of Pediatrics and Family Medicine (united).

https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.1150.15 249 downloads

Estilos parentales, sobrepeso y obesidad infantil: Estudio transversal en población infantil chilena
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Rivadeneira-Valenzuela, Joucelyn

; Soto-Caro, Ariel

; Bello-Escamilla, Natalia

; Concha-Toro, Marcela

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

Revista chilena de nutrición

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Fev 2021, Volume 48 Nº 1 Páginas 18 - 30

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to validate the Parental Style Scale and to assess a possible association between parenting styles and sociodemographic factors with childhood overweight and obesity in students of municipal educational establishments. The sample was composed of 217 children between 4 and 7 years old in schools in Chillán, Chile, and their caregivers. The instruments included the Parental Style Scale and a demographic questionnaire. The Parental Style Scale was validated and constructs used in a linear model to determine the relationship between the parental style and child BMI z-score. A logistic model was used to determine the relationship between parenting style and the probability of going from a normal nutritional state to one with overweight. It was found that high levels of parental affection were associated with overweight and obesity in children. From the sociodemographic variables evaluated, only the primary education level of parents was associated with overweight and obesity in the child. The implications for professional intervention with families are discussed.

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio fue validar tanto la Escala de Estilos Educativos Parentales como evaluar la posible asociación entre los estilos parentales y factores sociodemográficos con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares adscritos a establecimientos educativos municipales. La muestra estuvo formada por 217 niños/as escolarizados/as entre 4 y 7 años en establecimientos educativos de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile y sus adultos responsables (madre, padre o cuidador). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Estilos Parentales (EP) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. La escala de EP fue validada, y sus constructos fueron utilizados en un modelo lineal para determinar la relación entre el estilo parental con el Z-score del niño/a, y un modelo logístico para determinar la relación entre un estilo parental y la probabilidad de pasar de un estado nutricional normal a uno con sobrepeso. Se encontró que un estilo parental afectivo se asocia con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil. De las variables sociodemográficas evaluadas, solo el nivel educativo básico de los padres se asocia con sobrepeso y obesidad en el/la niño/a. Se discuten las implicaciones para la intervención profesional con familias.

2559 downloads

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecção pelo vírus Zika
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Duarte, Geraldo

; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

; Bermúdez, Ximena Pamela Díaz

; Saraceni, Valeria

; Martínez-Espinosa, Flor Ernestina

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2021, Volume 30 Nº spe1 elocation e2020609

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Este artigo aborda as transmissões vetorial, sexual e vertical do vírus Zika, tema contemplado no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Embora no Brasil o vírus Zika seja predominantemente veiculado pelo Aedes aegypti, as vias vertical e sexual de transmissão apresentam expressiva importância para a saúde reprodutiva. A transmissão sexual demanda o uso de intervenções profiláticas específicas, incluindo o uso do preservativo masculino ou feminino, principalmente entre casais que planejam gravidez. A transmissão vertical é ligada a graves anormalidades estruturais do sistema nervoso central e ainda não há vacina e nem recursos farmacológicos conhecidos que possam preveni-la. Como a doença é predominantemente assintomática, o não cumprimento dos princípios básicos de cuidados e orientações relacionadas à dispersão da infecção transcende a gravidade dos sintomas da doença.

Abstract This article addresses vector, sexual and vertical transmission of Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted most predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands the use of specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples planning pregnancy. Vertical transmission is linked to severe structural abnormalities of the central nervous system and there is still no vaccine or known pharmacological resources that can prevent it. As the disease is predominantly asymptomatic, failure to comply with basic principles of care and guidelines related to the spread of infection transcends the severity of the symptoms of the disease.

Resumen Este artículo aborda la transmisión vectorial, sexual y vertical del virus Zika, tema tratado en el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. Aunque en Brasil el virus Zika sea principalmente transmitido por Aedes aegypti, las vías vertical y sexual de transmisión son de gran importancia para la salud reproductiva. La transmisión sexual exige el uso de intervenciones profilácticas específicas, incluido el uso de preservativos masculinos o femeninos, especialmente entre las parejas que planean un embarazo. La transmisión vertical está ligada a graves anomalías estructurales del sistema nervioso central y todavía no existe una vacuna o recursos farmacológicos conocidos que puedan prevenirla. Como la enfermedad es predominantemente asintomática, el incumplimiento de los principios básicos de atención y las pautas relacionadas con la propagación de la infección trasciende la gravedad de los síntomas de la enfermedad.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-4974202100017.esp1 894 downloads

10.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecção pelo vírus Zika
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Duarte, Geraldo

; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

; Bermúdez, Ximena Pamela Díaz

; Saraceni, Valeria

; Martínez-Espinosa, Flor Ernestina

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2021, Volume 30 Nº spe1 elocation e2020609

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-4974202100017.esp1

11.

Fitness cardiorrespiratorio estimado mediante ecuación y su caracterización sociodemográfica en población chilena: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime A.

; Garrido-Méndez, Alex

; Matus-Castillo, Carlos

; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Martorell, Miquel

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Dez 2020, Volume 148 Nº 12 Páginas 1750 - 1758

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of mortality and chronic diseases. However, its estimation is costly and time consuming which may limit it broad use in population-based studies. Aim: To estimate the cardiorespiratory fitness of the Chilean population by using equations and to characterize fitness levels of the Chilean population by sociodemographic factors. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5,958 adults from the Chilean Health Survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from sex-specific equations for men and women and expressed as METs (Energy Metabolic Equivalent). Fitness levels were characterized by sociodemographics factors (age, sex, education, income and area of residency). Results: Fitness levels were higher in men (9.01 METs) than in women (6.76 METs) and in average decrease by 0.59 and 0.34 METs per each year increment in age for men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were 12.7 METs and 7.8 METs for 20-year-old men and women, respectively. However, fitness levels decreased to 7.8 METs and 4.3 METs in 90-year-old men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were also higher in individuals living in urban setting, those with higher education or income levels and lean individuals. Conclusions: This study reports fitness levels in a nationally representative sample of Chile. Fitness levels were higher in men than women however, its decline with age was more pronounce in men than women.

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12.

Prevalencia de debilidad muscular en personas mayores chilenas: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Matus-Castillo, Carlos

; Garrido-Méndez, Alex

; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia

; Ulloa, Natalia

; Gabler, María Fernanda

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Parra-Soto, Solange

; Díaz, Ximena

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Nov 2020, Volume 148 Nº 11 Páginas 1598 - 1605

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Background: Handgrip strength is an indicator of frailty in older people. Aim: To determine the prevalence of low handgrip strength in older Chilean adults. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals aged 60 years or more, participating in the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey, was carried out. Handgrip strength was evaluated by a hand dynamometer and low grip strength was determined as a grip strength ≤ 15 kg and ≤ 27 kg for women and men, respectively. Results: Twenty nine percent of participants had low grip strength. The average grip strength among 60-year-old men and women was 34.7 and 22.1 kg, respectively. These figures decreased to 28.8 kg and 17.2 kg among 90-year-old men and women, respectively. The prevalence of low grip strength in men and women aged 60 years was 18%. In 90-year-old men and women, these figures increased to 79% and 56.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of low grip strength increased substantially with age.

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13.

Revisión de estrategias para promover el envejecimiento activo en Iberoamérica
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Troncoso Pantoja, Claudia

; Díaz Martínez, Ximena

; Martorell Pons, Miquel

; Nazar Carter, Gabriela

; Concha Cisternas, Yeny

; Cigarroa Cuevas, Igor

MediSur

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Out 2020, Volume 18 Nº 5 Páginas 899 - 906

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT In Latin America, various experiences that promote active aging are recognized, and can be replicated in various communities, as strategies aimed at a better quality of life. The objective of this review is to identify interventions or recommendations aimed at promoting active aging in Ibero-American countries. The search for evidence was carried out in publications of articles available between 2010 and 2019, using the Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Science-Direct, Virtual Health Library, MEDES and Dialnet databases. Recommendations and experiences carried out for this age group include classic activities such as physical activity or health education workshops, but also cultural, tourist, intergenerational, cognitive strengthening actions, intersectoral activities, life stories, place of residence or use of information technologies. Future promotional experiences for this age group should be planned with an integrating perspective of activities that promote healthy living through creation, culture and healthy living.

RESUMEN En Iberoamérica se reconocen variadas experiencias que favorecen un envejecimiento activo, y que pueden ser replicadas en diversas comunidades, como estrategias orientadas a una mejor calidad de vida. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo identificar intervenciones o recomendaciones orientadas al fomento de un envejecimiento activo en países de Iberoamérica. La búsqueda de evidencias se efectuó en publicaciones de artículos disponibles entre los años 2010 y 2019, utilizando las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Science-Direct, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, MEDES y Dialnet. Las recomendaciones y experiencias realizadas para este grupo etario incluyen actividades clásicas como la realización de actividad física o talleres de educación en salud, pero también acciones culturales, turísticas, intergeneracionales, de fortaleciendo cognitivo, actividades intersectoriales, historias de vida, lugar de residencia o el uso de tecnologías de información. Futuras experiencias de promoción destinadas a este grupo etario deben planificarse con una mirada integradora de actividades que favorezcan la vida sana a través de la creación, la cultura y la vida saludable.

14.

Prevalencia de fragilidad en personas mayores de Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Martorell, Miquel

; Nazar, Gabriela

; Ulloa, Natalia

; Cigarroa-Cuevas, Igor

; Albala, Cecilia

; Márquez, Carlos

; Lera, Lydia

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Out 2020, Volume 148 Nº 10 Páginas 1418 - 1426

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The assessment of frailty among older people could help to reduce its social and health burden. Aim: To determine and characterize the prevalence of frailty in Chilean older adults. Material and Methods: We studied 233 participants, aged > 60 years, participating in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. Frailty was assessed using modified Fried criteria. Thus, people classified as frail should meet at least 3 out of the 5 criteria (low strength, low physical activity, low body mass index, slow walking pace and tiredness). Results: The prevalence of frailty was 10.9% (7.7% for men and 14.1% for women). The prevalence of pre-frailty was 59.0% whereas 30.1% of participants were classified as robust. At the age of 80 years 58 and 62% of men and women were frail, respectively. These figures increased to 90 and 87% at the age of 90 years. The prevalence of pre-frailty increased from 43 to 92.1% among men and from 76% and 78% among women from the ages of 60 to 90 years, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty increased markedly with age. It is important to implement prevention strategies to allow an early identification of high-risk individuals.

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15.

Diagnóstico médico de depresión se asocia a sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores
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Nazar, Gabriela

; Ulloa, Natalia

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Leiva, Ana María

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Martínez, Ximena Díaz

; Lanuza, Fabian

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Troncoso, Claudia

; Mardones, Lorena

; Villagrán, Marcelo

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2020, Volume 148 Nº 7 Páginas 947 - 955

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Depression has been previously associated with cognitive impairment in high income country populations. However, its association in the Chilean population has not been investigated. Aim: To investigate the association between depression and cognitive impairment. Material and Methods: Data from 1384 Chilean adults aged > 60 years, participating in the National Health Survey 2009-2010 was analyzed. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental Examination score. The medical diagnosis of depression was self-reported. The association between depression and cognitive impairment was assessed using a logistic regression. Results: Depression was positively associated with cognitive impairment. However, the magnitude of the association was higher in men (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.02 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.44; 6.61], p < 0.01]) than in women (OR = 2.23 [95%CI: 1.03; 3.43], p = 0.04). Older adults who were diagnosed for the first time with depression after 65 years of age, showed a stronger association with cognitive impairment (OR = 6.65 [95% CI: 2.39; 10.9], p < 0.01) than those diagnosed before 55 years. Conclusions: Our study confirms the association between depression and cognitive impairment. Further research is needed to elucidate the nature and potential mechanisms that link depression with cognitive impairment.

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